Materials, shelter, health and environment system

 Materials, shelter, health and environment system. Government should provide safe drinking water to the victims, to ensure that victims continue to meet minimum food needs, to special care for special populations. Selection and Construction of settlements victims need to consider the needs of society for the drainage system is reasonable, adequate space and other requirements, pay attention to fire safety, management and community service to match. Establish an effective environmental system, the human excreta, wastewater treatment and garbage properly.

Section

material assistance and standards according to the specific circumstances to develop the type and amount of emergency assistance. These include:

(1) victims of the general situation.

(2) immediately available resources.

(3) the victims of the daily living habits.

Once organized rescue parties, it must be to meet the urgent needs of the victims targeted. The following are the requirements for (the importance of the sort has):

(1) Water - Protection of existing water resources from pollution; with the most simple way to store more water; give priority placement to the victims delivery of water.

(2) Food - to ensure the minimum requirements to meet the victims, and can continue to supply adequate; for the victims of obvious signs of malnutrition to create special diet programs; build food storage facilities.

(3) measles vaccination - the victims were the primary preventive measures. Even if the lack of medical treatment, but also for all of 6 months to 5 years old children developed measles immunization programs (children under 5 years of age, concurrent diarrhea, the measles mortality rate is very high). If severe malnutrition, a higher age in the population in the prevalence of measles is also likely to increase. Must be the fastest implementation of the measles vaccination program!

(4) Health Care - by the government and local health departments to provide necessary assistance in an organized, health workers, essential drugs and equipment. Although these needs may be just an ordinary medical care, disease prevention, reproductive health, or some special measures, but can not be ignored.

in meeting basic needs, you can consider the follow-up needs. Include:

(1) emergency shelter - if possible, first of all want to use to the local supply of building materials and other materials to build shelter, when really necessary, request an external supply (for example: plastic sheeting , tents).

(2) prevention measures - to victims of the waste and water, and residential segregation.

the victims from the outset to advocate self-help, self-sufficient, so that victims participate in disaster relief and self-help in an effort to find ways for their own happiness. This may be difficult, but if you do not do this, the role of emergency will be falling sharply, and may help victims who have lost themselves in the early recovery opportunities.



water than with food, water, human life is more important. Therefore, victims should immediately pay attention to placement of the start of water supply to ensure there is enough free distribution of safe drinking water.

must ensure that all water has enough storage capacity and backup systems, because once the water supply may result in huge losses. To avoid contamination of water sources for all victims must be away from the simple and secure facilities and other sources.

adequate safe water supply in the organization process, the practical and effective is the key factor. For the water extraction, storage and distribution is necessary to make proper arrangements. To take the necessary measures to protect water sources from pollution. In some environments, the need to ensure the safety of drinking water, shelter until the water runs out.

placement in many of the victims, the only contaminated surface water (standing water, streams or rivers) are available, must immediately take measures to prevent further contamination of these water sources and reduce the suffering of their pollution levels. If the non-applicability of available water sources increasingly obvious, must arrange transport to water transport came. If the area of existing water resources can not meet the most basic needs, while more in-depth exploration and development of new water sources will take time, when the victims should be evacuated to a more appropriate placement to go.

immediate protection of available water resources from pollution. At first, the rationing of scarce water resources is required. Influx of disaster victims may make local water overwhelmed. Water rationing to ensure the survival of weak victims and equitable distribution to others. Must be attached to the water supply and distribution system design, establishment and function, it should be with the victims point of the planning and design as well as health and environmental measures - in particular equal treatment in health facilities.

1.

organization must develop a water supply system, and let the victims from the beginning to the widest possible participation. Victims in particular, there is a background of rural life, there may be related technologies. For example, some people from the countryside are likely good at digging and maintaining wells, others may be simple or ordinary water pump generator pumps are more familiar. Similar technology can and should be widely used in water system planning, development, operation, support and repair, etc., while the victims do not have the training experience is necessary.

Despite the need for special equipment to deal with the exploration of groundwater and surface water, a water supply and distribution system materials and equipment can still be resolved locally. Should be simple and suitable for village sorting techniques, and, once again reiterated the need for the use of local experience. Pumps and other machinery and equipment necessary for the place, should they supply as standard, and improve the expertise to make it more suitable for local use.

status of water supply systems and technology to monitor carefully. The use of the entire system must be controlled to prevent waste and pollution of water resources to ensure that system maintenance and quick repair. To avoid settlements on the importance of fecal contamination and clean water containers such topics as the use of basic public health education is required.

2. Water

the minimum demand of water due to different conditions often change, and this demand is rising temperatures and increased physical activity significantly increased.

3.

water quality must be safe to drink. Although the water may seem safe, but in fact it may be impure, and even micro-organisms with disease-causing. However, absolutely pure water with a small amount compared to pure water, a large number of moderately better. Security of supply is the most serious threats to fecal contamination. In the event of contamination, in emergency conditions is difficult to quickly purify the water.

in those dry, the salt is salt water and even a place, if possible, these areas can be used to maintain family health.

4.

water emergency response when a long-term water supply system is not yet decided to take the victims to establish or to evacuate to a more suitable residence, to take the necessary measures to meet the short term water emergency needs. If the local available water can not meet basic needs, must arrange for transportation came in carrying water. If this is not, then you must immediately evacuate the victims from here.

when the available water to meet the minimum requirements, the water will be another problem: the water is likely to be contaminated, to try to plan for pollution control and management of water use. In addition, the needs of victims regardless of the emergency use of surface water quality, or the occasional use of groundwater (well water or spring water), or any of the nearest water source, to take immediate measures to prevent fecal contamination. If the mobile water supply must also set aside a special retreat to the upstream region, and then assign a washing area, the final arrangements for animals in the lower reaches of a water district. in well water or spring water

around water sources, separated by fences, cover, and manage. Prohibition of victims may be contaminated with water containers to fetch water. If circumstances permit, to develop water emergency arrangements and survivors gathered at the water away from the point of distribution of water. These measures not only to avoid direct pollution, it also allows water storage more secure.

many families need to move and save their own water. If the victims of the empty kitchen oil bottles or similar containers can not be used, must provide a barrel or other container, and must ensure that they are clean.